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    Conway's Game of Life

    Life

    Explore Conway's Game of Life: a grid where four local rules create stable structures, oscillators, moving patterns, and long-lived surprises.

    Watch four simple rules create persistent forms

    Every cell responds only to its eight immediate neighbours, yet stable structures, oscillators, and moving patterns can emerge.

    What to watch: cells disappear and reappear locally while larger patterns persist, oscillate, move, or eventually settle.

    Explanatory notes

    • B3 means a dead cell is born when exactly three of its eight neighbours are alive.
    • S23 means a live cell survives when two or three neighbours are alive; otherwise it dies.
    • Cells beyond the visible grid are treated as dead, so the canvas is a finite viewport approximation of Life's conceptually infinite grid.
    • Pause the simulation to draw or erase cells. Resizing changes only the display, never the underlying grid state.

    Observe

    Each cell follows the same B3/S23 rule using only its eight-cell Moore neighbourhood.

    Controls

    Starting pattern

    Choose a pattern, then pause to draw or erase cells directly on the grid.

    Generation 0 · Random

    Read the B3/S23 rule
    B3
    A dead cell is born with exactly 3 live neighbours.
    S23
    A live cell survives with 2 or 3 live neighbours.

    Applications

    • Emergence
    • Complex systems
    • Pattern formation
    • Computational universality

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